Norma Rae Labor Unions and the Power Struggle - 3039 Words

Introduction Labor unions were established as a way for workers’ needs and grievances to be heard by management. According to Fossum (2012), â€Å"forming a union creates a collective voice to influence change at work† (p. 7). The collective voice of workers in a union holds much more power than any single employee’s voice. It can loudly draw attention to mistreatment or abuse of workers. The organized collective voice of workers demands to be treated in a fair way by its management in terms of wages, hours, benefits, and working conditions. The film Norma Rae (Asseyev, Rose, Ritt, 1979) is based on the true story of textile worker Crystal Lee whose efforts resulted in the establishment of a labor union. The film, set in 1978 rural†¦show more content†¦The mill supervisors and on-site doctor minimize worker health concerns and expect the work to go on. Reuben, a union organizer from New York, attempts to convince the workers that they deserve better working conditions, decent wages, and cost of living raises. However, his message is not well received. Many of the workers, such as Norma Rae’s father, have negative perceptions of the union as being communist, crooks, and agitators. In addition, the workers fear the consequences of standing up to the mill’s management and losing the only livelihood they know. This slowly changes when their fellow mill worker Norma Rae takes up the union case with Reuben. Even prior to Reuben’s arrival, Norma Rae was outspoken about mill’s poor working conditions. In an attempt to silence her complaints, management gives her a raise and promotes her to a supervisory position. She is not comfortable pressuring the workers, including her own father, to work at levels and speeds beyond their capabilities. As former co-workers and friends turn their backs on her, Norma Rae defiantly returns to her former job in the weaving room in a stand against management. She actively begins working with Reuben and wearing a union button to work. The organization of the workers is not an easy task for Norma Rae and Reuben. As a familiar insider at the mill, Norma Rae is better able than Reuben to persuade her fellow workers to sign union cardsShow MoreRelated Norma Rae Essay1517 Words   |  7 PagesNorma Rae In the film Norma Rae, the textile workers were unsatisfied with many aspects of their Capitalistic work environment. They fought to form a union so that they could change the undesirable characteristics to better meet their needs. Political, environmental and cultural processes all played a part in the workers struggle to form an effective union. Unlike the film, Matewan, in which the coal miners worked under feudal control, the employees of the O.P. HenleyRead MoreNorma Rae Leadership1614 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Norma Rae is a true story set in a Southern mill-town in the summer of 1978. Norma Rae and the mill workers were victimized by the mill owners - low, unfair wages, and poor health conditions from the work in the textile mill. During this time Norma was fearful for her familys health and becomes aware of a labor organizer trying to bring the union to the mill. Norma decides to join forces with the union organizer, Reuben Warshosky. Management saw her as a threat and ordered her out of theRead MoreNorma Rae and Labor Issues1478 Words   |  6 Pagesmovie Norma Rae is about a southern mill worker who helps revolutionize and unionize a small town. The conditions at the southern cotton textile factory were intolerable and management was abusive. In the summer of 1978, a union organizer from New York came to this small town and approached the employees at the cotton factory to start a union. The union organizer, the mill workers and the management of the factory had very different perspec tives as to the ramifications of starting a union. Read More Portfolio Project – Norma Rae Essay1990 Words   |  8 Pages to lie to you, to cheat you and to take away from you what is rightfully yours - your health, a decent wage, a fit place to work† (Asseyev, Rose, Ritt, 1979). In the movie Norma Rae, union organizer Reuben Warshovsky, delivered this powerful speech to workers at the O.P. Henley textile mill. He warned them that without union representation they would continue to be taken advantage of by management. The movie, set in 1978, showed textile workers in a small, southern town who were forced to work long

Reflection Of English Literature My Experience Of...

â€Å"Why should someone study British literature in their senior year of high school? Why would anyone need another history course in their schedule?† These are the thoughts that had gone through my head as I entered into English IV in September 2016. English, in the past, hadn’t been my favorite course. Analyzing poems, reading Shakespeare, and interpreting an author’s style in a novel are not activities I partake in during my free time, so doing them in class for grades was quite the chore. That is until I traveled to London in November of 2016. On that trip, everything I had learned about British literature, as well as England as a country, was placed into my life, outside of the classroom. I saw the Sutton Hoo Treasures in the British†¦show more content†¦Ms. Doo 3 Schofield, when finished with Beowulf, showed the class the Sutton Hoo treasures. The Sutton Hoo treasures are actual treasures that came from the Anglo-Saxon period. They include a helmet, chalice, and silverware used during the era. I saw the Sutton Hoo treasures in the British Museum on my trip to London. What I saw on my computer in class was sitting in a climate controlled, glass case in front of me, the ship burial helmet. The people, places, and events I was learning about in class were real; not just some stuff that was thrown into a textbook, but real people Anglo-Saxons wore this helmet. The knowledge I had of the history behind the treasures enhanced my experience viewing them in the museum, and inversely, viewing the treasures enhanced my appreciation for the material learned in class because they proved to me that it was real. English scholars consider the English Triumvirate to be William Shakespeare, John Milton, and Geoffrey Chaucer. I had studied Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales before my trip in great depth and was excited to see his burial place at Westminster Abbey. Chaucer interested me as soon as I read his biographical information. He set out to write 120 tales, 2 for each character, to tell on their pilgrimage to Canterbury. I read â€Å"The Nun Priest’s Tale† and â€Å"The Pardoner’s Tale† which, to this day, are my favorite works of literature in the course. When I did visit Westminster Abbey, it was surreal to see so manyShow MoreRelated Reflection on My Portfolio Essay1110 Words   |  5 PagesReflection on My Portfolio Literature has fascinated me from an early age. I was always an extremely active child, yet all I needed to settle down was a good book. The worlds created from the page within my mind were wondrous and amazing. However, I never imagined that I would become an English Literature major in college. Like many others before me, I wasn’t sure what you could do with an English major but teach or write, neither of which I planned on doing. A business or management majorRead MoreThe Interpretation of â€Å"Let Them Call It Jazz† by Jean Rhys.1440 Words   |  6 Pagesimmigrants’ position in the West culture. The fact that she was born in West Indies influences deeply on her later publications in which she frequently presents her reflection on the problems that the strangers have to deal with. It seems that the portrait of Selina Davies, in her novel â€Å"Let Them Call It Jazz†, perfectly conveys Rhys’ experiences as a white Creole woman, as â€Å"th e story is presented as a quintessential of the immigrant woman’s position in urban culture where she is marginalized and silencedRead MoreGothic Literature : The Gothic Genre1130 Words   |  5 PagesKatelyn Tiamson English Honors IV Mrs. Schroder 8 December 2016 Frankenstein Gothic literature is a style of writing that contains elements of both horror and romance. This genre allows readers to experience a mix of horror and romance intertwined. Within the gothic genre there are elements of supernatural events, beings, and gloomy day settings. This style of writing became popular in the late 18th century and early 19 century. Many give credit to it’s uprising to author Horace Walpole, who wroteRead MoreMy Name is Nobody: Postmodernism in Derek Walcotts The Schooner Flight1389 Words   |  6 PagesTales of journeys appear repeatedly throughout the expanse of literature; these sagas include the stories of Gilgamesh, King Arthur, and, more recently, The Lord of the Rings. Derek Walcott’s poem â€Å"The Schooner Flight† initially seems out of place amongst these surging legends of heroics and danger, yet through closer examination the poem flourishes as a postmodern retelling then deconstruction of the age-old heroic journey. The poem is a celebration of Greek mythology, a disruptive force againstRead MoreThe Renaissance And Romanticism During The 19th Century1245 Words   |  5 PagesThe Renaissance and Romanticism were periods of history in which literature changed the mindset of the people. The Renaissance occurred in Britain during the late fifteenth century to the early seventeenth century, and was a response to the Medieval Age. There was a spike in learning during the Renaissance, because of the invention of the printing press and the return of classical Greek and Roman literature. The Romantic period occurred during the late eighteenth century, as a response to the EnlightenmentRead Morethe book of negroes1581 Words   |  7 PagesBook Reflection : The Book Of Negroes It s 1802 and Aminata Diallo, now an old woman, sits down to write her life story at the request of the Abolitionists in London. Abducted from her village in West Africa at the age of eleven and marched in a coffle (a string of slaves) for three months before reaching the coast, Aminata survives the voyage to America and ends up sold to an indigo plantation owner in South Carolina. She describes herself as lucky, because compared to the tragic circumstancesRead MoreThe Romantic Victorians Essay1707 Words   |  7 PagesThe Romantic Victorians Finding a similarity between the Romantic era and the Victorian era can be quite a challenge because of the all the differences between them. â€Å"This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison† written by Samuel Taylor Coleridge is a great example of a literary work of the Romantic era because of the various themes that compose it. The â€Å"The Lady of Shallot† by Alfred, Lord Tennyson in the Victorian era is a poem that can portray the society that shaped the era. Both poems share the theme isolationRead MoreLiterary Tendency of Victorian Literature: Special Reference to Lord Alfred Tennyson and Robert Browning3101 Words   |  13 PagesLiterary tendency of Victorian literature: special reference to Lord Alfred Tennyson and Robert Browning 1.1 An Introduction to Victorian Period: The Victorian era is generally agreed to stretch through the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901). It was a tremendously exciting period when many artistic styles, literary schools, as well as, social, political and religious movements flourished. It was a time of prosperity, broad imperial expansion, and great political reform. It was also a time, whichRead MoreFactors Affecting Literature Teaching and Learning in Secondary Schools in Uganda19646 Words   |  79 Pages An Assessment of the Factors Affecting the Quality of Literature in English Teaching and Learning in Secondary Schools in Uganda: A case study of Entebbe Municipality, Wakiso District A Research Dissertation Submitted in partial fulfilment for the Award of the Bachelors Degree in Education of Uganda Martyrs University-Nkozi July 2012 DECLARATION I, HENRY NSUBUGA, do declare that this is my original work, save for the various works I consulted, whose authors I have fullyRead MoreCombined Experience of Suffering, Death and Love all at Once1541 Words   |  7 PagesPeoples’ personal life experiences usually affect the topic of their work. John Keats was a famous poet who grew up in an idyllic life until tragedy continuously stroked until his death at twenty-five years old. At eight years old, his father died in a tragic riding accident. Six years later, his mother died of tuberculosis (TB). In the midst of his troubles, his teacher strongly encouraged his reading and literacy ambitions. Living next to an insane asylum, Keats eventually started to develop

Writing and Narrative Essay Free Essays

An Unforgettable Event in My Life During the 20 years of my life, I have experienced great numbers of events. Most of them have faded away with time going by. However, there is still something unforgettable in my life, among which an event that happened last year is the most unforgettable. We will write a custom essay sample on Writing and Narrative Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It happened on the National Day of last year. I set out to Ningbo to visit my best friend who studied there on the late afternoon of that day because I had to have some lessons. It was nearly 7 o’clock when I got to the dock of Ningbo. To my disappointment, I was told that the last bus which could take me to my destination had already gone. I had no idea of what to do because I didn’t tell my friend that I would go there in order to give her a surprise. I walked along the empty street with my brain blank. Suddenly, I noticed that there was a man who was driving a motorbike and following me. A sense of nervousness overflowed me and without thinking of the consequence I rushed into a small store, crying. There was a woman in the store. She looked at me and asked me what had happened. I told her the whole thing. To my amazement, she asked me whether I’d like to stay in her store and sleep with her for the night. I nodded my head with tears of thanks. Then she asked me to sit down to watch TV while she was making a bowl of noodle for me. The next day, we said goodbye to each other. This event makes me convince that there still exists some niceness in our society. What’s more, the event has taught me that I should give my hand to those who need help as often as I can. Teacher’s comments and suggestions: This narrative essay is quite impressive. I can clearly visualize the event which happened to the writer. In the body part, the student has included most of the detailed information of who, when, where and what which is necessary for a narrative essay. In addition, we can see some action words in the essay such as â€Å" overflow, nod, rush, walk and cry† which can make the essay more impressive. Thank you for the good job. How to cite Writing and Narrative Essay, Narrative essays

Information Technology and Security Risk Management

Question: Discuss about the Information Technology and Security Risk Management. Answer: Introduction As per the present scenario, NSW Government harbors numerous security risks and threats. ICR tactic has been created so that information can be secured and kept safe from all of these risks. The documentation encompasses a diagram of security risks which highlights the critical security risks which the NSW government is tackling. A critical analysis of probable risks has been performed, and in addition, some suggestions for countermeasures has been provided. Security Risk Diagram The risks related to NSW Government and the architecture has been analyzed from the perspective of the category of information which are being affected. The information being dealt with by the NSW Government has been divided according to number of categories Office Use It is the information category which might be utilized in addition to unclassified data. Generally, it is the data given by the state agencies to be utilized by the officials only. Sensitive data This is the kind of data which has security declassified or classified. This is the place where provisions of security should be maximum and disclosure should at minimum level. Sensitive: Personal This type of information which comprises of personal information regarding the individuals, state agencies, and other organization linked with the NSW Government is a part of this category. Sensitive: Legal This category covers the information related to legal professional privileges. Sensitive: Cabinet This category consists of information linked the cabinet of the Australian Government and comprises of details like official records, proposals, submissions to the cabinet, documentation of decisions made by the cabinet, etc. Sensitive: Law Enforcement This category consists of information that are linked with or might have an influence of the law enforcement actions. The information includes law enforcement training, information from confidential sources, etc. Sensitive: Health Information This category consists of information which is bound by various regulatory and legal policies. Sensitive: NSW Cabinet This category consists of the official records which are linked with the NSW Government like minutes, submission, cabinet agendas, etc. The risks shown in the above diagram are recognized on the basis of the impacted category of information Data Integrity Risks The data is internally transferred from one NSW Government component to another. The same information is externally shared too. These risks are primarily executed while data transfer and sharing. These permit unofficial editing of information which might be sensitive or confidential in nature. Network Threats This category of risks consists of threats like sniffing, man-in-the-middle attacks, network monitoring, etc. Malware Threats Frequently, malwares are developed which might attack the availability, integrity, and confidentiality of information. These malwares include worms, logic bombs, Trojans, etc. Application Vulnerabilities NSW Government consists of various APIs and interfaces. This opens up paths for various vulnerabilities. Operations Risks These risks happen due to failed or insufficient systems and/or sub-systems which might be external or internal. Business Risks These risks might comprise of vents which have the capability to diminish the profits of the NSW Government . (NSW Government Digital Information Security Policy | NSW ICT STRATEGY, 2015). Legal Risks These risks cause legal policies violation, and terms and conditions violations of the NSW Government and are linked with the corresponding components, also Risk Register Risk ID Risk Possibility Impact Level Risk Ranking R1 Network Threats M H H R2 Integrity of data M H H R3 Implementation of vulnerabilities H L M R4 Malware Threats H L M R5 Legal Risks M M M R6 Operation Risks L H H R7 Business Risks L H H M: MEDIUM H: HIGH L: LOW Deliberate and Accidental Threats The threats which are performed by an individual via human-human or human-machine interaction are known as deliberate threats. These are done on the basis of malicious intent. As suggested by the name, these are deliberately executed to harm the affected party and reap some benefits (Vavoulas, 2016). The threats which happen unintentionally are known as accidental threats. Usually, these happen due to insufficient knowledge or negligence. The threats explained above consist of both accidental and deliberate threats. Deliberate threats include network threats such as data integrity threats, and malicious threats. These are performed to have unofficial access to information and mis-utilize them to cause harm. The impact of these threats might be low-to-high, since it depends upon the exposed information. Accidental threats include business risks and application vulnerability. These might happen due to mismanagement of operations or procedure or because of negligence, too (Cole, 2012). Operations Risks and Legal Risks are both accidental and deliberate. The nature depends upon the involved procedures and occurrence. There might be cases in which negligence might happen or some cases where deliberate acts might be performed and selfish gains might be reaped. Challenges Organizational Factors NSW Government comprises of external users, senior level officials, top management, policy makers, and various other individuals. There might be an absence of communication between the decisive level officials and the implementation level officials. Human criterias NSW Government comprises of large number of both external and internal individuals. These might be cases of disputes and conflicts among individuals, particularly, among external and internal entities. Another problem might be availability of necessary individuals and effective communication at a common time. This might delay the procedures for implementation (Information Technology and Security Risk Management Top 12 Risks What are the risks? What are the solutions? 2012). Technological Factors This is a critical issue that will arise for the NSW Government while implementation of risk or policies of security managemen. Current technological architecture and infrastructure is as per the suggestion. Additionally, NSW Government components are present across such a large area, all over the geographical area so that a small modification within the area will have a chain of modification within the whole architecture Risk Risk can be defined as an event which is always associated with chances of losing or winning something valuable. Uncertainties are cases in which the future is unknown and unpredictable. Risks can be controlled and measured while uncertainties cannot be. In NSW Governments case, risks are described and highlighted, above. There are some uncertainties linked with the cases like the unpredictable failures of 3rd parties, hazards from the present business activities, and the effect of natural disasters. These uncertainties are unpredictable and unmeasurable and therefore, uncontrollable. They are unrecognizable and therefore, tactics to avoid or mitigate them cannot be taken up. Risks can be controlled and assessed with a proper plan for risk management (Information Technology and Security Risk Management Top 12 Risks What are the risks? What are the solutions? 2012). Risk Control and Mitigation Network Controls There are various low-to-high affects of network threats that are controllable via high-level measures of security like intrusion detection, dedicated networking teams, network and traffic scans, etc. Malware Controls Utilization of latest ad updated anti-virus programs, in addition to internet security will stop all malware categories from infecting the system. Legal and Regulatory Compliance Each internal and external party needs to conform to the regulatory and legal policies for handling information, so that information integrity, availability, and safety can be maintained at all times. (ISO IEC 27000, 2014 Information Security Definitions, 2013). Advanced Identity and Access Management Utilization of single sign-in and sign-out within the web portals, increased physical security, secure passwords, OTPs (One-Time Passwords), and exclusive regonition of handling and tracking needs to be ensured Increased Disaster Recovery Implementation of NSWs Digital Information Security Policy can be performed for a robust plan and policy of disaster recovery. It will confirm smooth continuity of business and delivery of services. Additionally, it will offer recovery plans for each individual components and applications linked with the NSW Government. Conclusions NSW Government handles huge amount of information, daily. For maintaining availability, integrity, and confidentiality of information and protecting and securing them at all times is critical for all entities. There are various risks linked with the NSW Government. These have been divided into various categories on the perspective of the information being impacted by them. There might be various challenges which might take place during the implementation of a robust risk/security management policy. Risks might be mitigated via a various malware, network, legal, and additional tactics and control. References Cole, E. (2012). Accidental insider threats and four ways to prevent them. SearchSecurity. Retrieved 18 August 2016, from https://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/tip/Accidental-insider-threats-and-four-ways-to-prevent-them Surbhi, S. (2016). Difference Between Risk and Uncertainty - Key Differences. Key Differences. Retrieved 16 August 2016, from https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-risk-and-uncertainty.html Vavoulas, N. (2016). A Quantitative Risk Analysis Approach for Deliberate Threats. Retrieved 16 August 2016, from https://cgi.di.uoa.gr/~xenakis/Published/39-CRITIS-2010/CRITIS2010-RiskAnalysisDeliberateThreats.pdf Information Technology and Security Risk Management Top 12 Risks What are the risks? What are the solutions?. (2012) (1st ed., pp. 11-14). Australia. Retrieved from https://www.amsro.com.au/amsroresp/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/AMSRO-TOP-12-Information-Technology-Security-Risk-Management-1.pdf NSW Government Digital Information Security Policy | NSW ICT STRATEGY. (2015). Finance.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 18 August 2016, from https://www.finance.nsw.gov.au/ict/resources/nsw-government-digital-information-security-policy ISO IEC 27000 2014 Information Security Definitions. (2013). Praxiom.com. Retrieved 18 August 2016, from https://www.praxiom.com/iso-27000-definitions.htm

The Metamorphsis Essay Example For Students

The Metamorphsis Essay Essay submitted by AnonymousGregor was the most unselfish person in The Metamorphosis. This characteristic showswith his dedication to his work. He was the only family member with a job, believing heSacrificing his social life for his work, he had no friends at work, and never went out atnight. His only hobby was fretwork, sitting alone in his room. The only person he wasever intimate with was his sister Grete. His devotion to his work was remarkable. In all of the five years he had worked for hisfathers creditor, he had never once been absent. Always ready to go out on his roundsas early as possible, he never took advantage of time for a break. By the time he gotback, the other employees were still eating breakfast. Under the belief that he was the sole provider for the family, Gregor took up a job withhis fathers creditor, before even consulting his family. They, at the time, were ofcourse impressed. The flat they were living in was chosen by Gregor. Making enoughmoney, he hired a cook and servant. He was even thinking of sending Grete to theconservatorium to further enhance what he believed to be musical talents. We will write a custom essay on The Metamorphsis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Even after his metamorphosis, he never asked for much. Showing his concern forothers wellbeing, he hid under the couch so as not to disgust anyone by his sight. Although they brought him food everyday, he barely ate any of it. He even wished hewere not such a burden on the family, and that he could have transformed back intoAll of the actions mentioned above displayed Gregors unselfishness. After hismetamorphosis, nobody indicated they were grateful for what he had done. After hisfirst absence, the chief clerk himself appeared at Gregors house to see what was thematter. When Gregor did not open his door, the chief clerk accused him of stealing thecompanys funds, and degraded him in front of his parents as being insubordinate. Afterthe transformation, Gregors father gave little or no love or support. Instead, he hadhurt Gregor many times while ushering Gregor back into the room. Grete and her motherdo, for some time, show a little support. After having Gregor around for a while howeverGrete asserted that they should somehow get rid of him. At this point, Gregor realizedthat his family no longer loves him, and gave up on life. Although Gregor did aid his family in a critical time of need, they hardly acknowledgedthis fact after his transformation. They never even tried to understand him. For thepast five years, he provided for his family, and when he needed them, they did notcare. After his metamorphosis, they all got jobs, something Gregor thought they wereincapable of. After his death, they moved out of the flat, which was too expensive forthem, leaving all of their memories, starting anew without him. Bibliography:

The Terror of the French Revolution - 1793-1794

The Terror of the French Revolution - 1793-1794 1793 January February February 1: France declares war on Great Britain and the Dutch Republic. February 15: Monaco annexed by France. February 21: Volunteer and Line regiments in the French army merged together. February 24: Levà ©e of 300,000 men to defend the Republic. February 25-27: Riots in Paris over food. March March 7: France declares war on Spain. March 9: Representatives en mission are created: these are deputies who will travel to the French departments to organise the war effort and quell rebellion. March 10: The Revolutionary Tribunal is created to try those suspected of counter revolutionary activity. March 11: The Vendà ©e region of France revolts, partly in reaction to the demands of the levee of Feb 24. March: Decree ordering French rebels captured with arms to be executed without appeal. March 21: Revolutionary armies and committees created. Committee of Surveillance established in Paris to monitor strangers. March 28: Émigrà ©s now considered legally dead. April April 5: French General Dumouriez defects. April 6: Committee of Public Safety created. April 13: Marat stands trial. April 24: Marat is found not guilty. April 29: The Federalist uprising in Marseilles. May May 4: First Maximum on grain prices passed. May 20: Forced loan on the rich. May 31: Journee of May 31: the Paris sections rise demanding the Girondins be purged. June June 2: Journee of June 2: Girodins purged from the Convention. June 7: Bordeaux and Caen rise in the Federalist revolt. June 9: Saumur is captured by rebelling Vendà ©ans. June 24: Constitution of 1793 voted on and passed. July July 13: Marat assassinated by Charlotte Corday. July 17: Chalier executed by Federalists. Final feudal dues removed. July 26: Hoarding made a capital offence. July 27: Robespirre elected to the Committee of Public Safety. August August 1: The Convention implements a scorched earth policy in the Vendà ©e. August 23: Decree of levee en masse. August 25: Marseille is recaptured. August 27: Toulon invites the British in; they occupy the town two days later. September September 5: Prompted by the Journee of September 5 government by Terror begins. September 8: Battle of Hondschoote; first French military success of the year. September 11: Grain Maximum introduced. September 17: Laws of Suspects passed, definition of suspect widened. September 22: Start of Year II. September 29: General Maximum begins. October October 3: The Girondins go to trial. October 5: The Revolutionary Calendar is adopted. October 10: Introduction of the Constitution of 1793 halted and Revolutionary Government declared by the Convention. October 16: Marie Antoinette executed. October 17: Battle of Cholet; the Vendà ©ans are defeated. October 31: 20 leading Girondins are executed. November November 10: Festival of Reason. November 22: All churches closed in Paris. December December 4: Law of Revolutionary Government / Law of 14 Frimaire passed, centralising power in the Committee of Public Safety. December 12: Battle of Le Mans; the Vendà ©ans are defeated. December 19: Toulon recaptured by the French. December 23: Battle of Savenay; the Vendà ©ans are defeated. 1794 January February February 4: Slavery abolished. February 26: First Law of Ventà ´se, spreading seized property among the poor. March March 3: Second Law of Ventà ´se, spreading seized property among the poor. March 13: Hà ©rbertist/Cordelier faction arrested. March 24: Hà ©rbertists executed. March 27: Disbanding of the Parisian Revolutionary Army. March 29-30: Arrest of the Indulgents/Dantonists. April April5: Execution of the Dantonists. April-May: The power of the Sansculottes, Paris Commune and sectional societies broken. May May 7: Decree starting the Cult of the Supreme Being. May 8: Provincial Revolutionary Tribunals closed, all suspects must now be tried in Paris. June June 8: Festival of the Supreme Being. June 10: Law of 22 Prairial: designed to make convictions easier, start of the Great Terror. July July 23: Wage limits introduced in Paris. July 27: Journee of 9 Thermidor overthrows Robespierre. July 28: Robespierre executed, many of his supporters are purged and follow him over the next few days. August August 1: Law of 22 Prairial repealed. August 10: Revolutionary Tribunal re-organised so as to cause fewer executions. August 24: The Law on Revolutionary Government reorganises the control of the republic away from the highly centralised structure of the Terror. August 31: Decree limiting the powers of the Paris commune. September September 8: Nantes Federalists tried. September 18: All payments, subsidies to religions halted. September 22: Year III starts. November November 12: The Jacobin Club closed. November 24: Carrier placed on trial for his crimes in Nantes. December December - July 1795: The White Terror, a violent reaction against supporters and facilitators of the Terror. December 8: Surviving Girondins allowed back into the Convention. December 16: Carrier, the butcher of Nantes, executed. December 24: The maximum is scrapped. Invasion of Holland. Back to Index Page 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Stakeholders within Health Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Stakeholders within Health Care - Essay Example Those considering career in the healthcare sector should consider impacting the world and not just America. Â   Medical education and schools have changed over time as is evidenced by a greater preference for careers in radiology, surgical subspecialties and dermatology to family medicine, pediatrics and internal medicine. The predominant ethnic (racial) group is the white American. This is because, the data produced by the Association of American Medical Colleges showed that there were more white medical colleges in the US than medical colleges belonging to people of color. Even if the number of African Americans graduating with a medical degree is high in historically black medical colleges, they are significantly outnumbered in traditionally white medical colleges. Presently, women are dominating medical schools by 52% (Turner and Avison, 2011). Turner, R. J. and Avison, W. R. (2012). Status Variations in Stress Exposure: Implications for the Interpretation of Research on Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Gender. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 44 (4), 488 – 505 It is important to understand the impact of a diagnosis on a consumer because it helps in the administration of accurate treatment or medical intervention, and thereby helping in the actualization of the principle of beneficence (Churgay and Aftab (2012). Proper diagnosis helps the health care provider: know the magnitude and nature of the healthcare complication he is dealing with; administer accurate treatment; discharge his role confidently; and to observe the principles of medical ethics such as beneficence and non-maleficence. Results from the diagnosis will also become an important part of the patient’s health records. As a healthcare professional understanding the impact of a diagnosis on the various stakeholders is important because it enhances

Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

Research Proposal Example mmodities and rising wealth companies like Starbucks, Cafà © Coffee day have been trying to increase their market share and it is going to continue until there is a Coffee shop in almost every town or every other town. In India the ready-to-drink tea and coffee market has picked up a great business in the last 5 years. According to some study this market is expected to grow to $ 225 million by 2017. The domestic market is dominated by outlets like Cafà © Coffee Day, Costa Coffee, and Barista etc. and is estimated at $ 110 million. In the past decade, 1,200 cafes have come up across India registering an annual average growth rate of around 40 percent. According to Harish Bijoor Consultants (2010), CCD in India has around 70 percent of coffee outlets. Though the coffee consumption demand in India is not very high in India in comparison with other European countries or US but still demand exceeds supply. If CCD in India can add around 1000 cafes over the next two years then it will be virtually invincible. The coffee retail chains have been engaged in a healthy battle for many years. Competitors like Barista have done some radical experiments with food in its outlet with success. Thus CCD has also started focusing on food items in its outlet. CCD has started a coffee centre which caters to coffee connoisseur and business clients looking for internet access. CCD is trying to energize and stratify their brand. The company is trying to overhaul its brand through new cup, crockery designs, coffee machines which produces better brewed coffee, new wall paint and is spreading to other cities (Balasubramanyam, 2011, p. 1). CCD tries to reduce its operational cost to maximize its profitability and hence it concentrates on opening new outlets in cities where it can open a number of outlets. According to research conducted by Mr. S. Ramesh Kumar (2008), CCD presents its coffee with a special coffee experience which arouse a sense of Pleasure seeking within the customers. This

Internal and External Analysis for New Balance Athletic Shoes Inc Essay

Internal and External Analysis for New Balance Athletic Shoes Inc - Essay Example Finally, the company lacks the emphasis required on design in order to achieve broader sales volumes. The information uncovered for this report will be discussed in relative detail in this report. New Balance currently maintains a somewhat conservative mentality when it comes to trying to reach potential customers. This is an attitude within the company that needs to change and should represent flexibility in thinking toward a change in the brand. Such changes would require small internal adjustments in promotion (and the overall sales budget) to make the product stand out in the minds’ of consumers. Currently, the company only maintains 58 percent brand recognition (Bowen, Huckman & Knoop, 2008), considerably lower than that of their rival competition, Nike and Reebok. However, dollar for dollar, the company’s advertising expenditures are nearly equal with Reebok but the return on this investment is significantly higher for Reebok. The more mature-minded consumer may not be the ideal candidate for the modern New Balance company when it comes to increasing sales volumes, the key to moving forward may lay in reaching a much broader and younger, progressive consum er audience. The company is currently working with a wide variety of different styles for production which should be an integral part of the company’s operations: A well-developed research and development team combined with marketing excellence that can reposition the product (based on budget restrictions) as a more progressive shoe company. It is suggested that marketing strategies should include focusing on this element of good business, illustrating to prospective customers that the company intends to stay around and means business. Such marketing changes, developed through an appropriate project management team, could unleash a brand new image for New Balance, suggesting that it, too, can weigh quality with

Blood Sugar and Lipid Profile: Effects of Garlic and Ginger

Blood Sugar and Lipid Profile: Effects of Garlic and Ginger Comparative Efficacy of Garlic and Ginger on Blood Sugar and Lipid Profile of Alloxan Induced Diabetic Mice Amna Masroor Allium sativum and Zingiber officinale are vegetables used for seasoning, flavoring, culinary and in herbal remedies as they hold insulinotropic properties playing significant role in maintaining ÃŽÂ ² cells helpful to lower blood glucose level in diabetes. Both are also siginificant in lowering blood lipid levels. The experimental trial of 4 week is planned to investigate the comparative effect of ginger and garlic on blood sugar level and lipid profile in alloxan induced diabetic mice. 25 male mice rats weighing between 40 and 50 g will be used for the study. Diabetes will be induced in fasted mice (12hrs) by a single dose intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg body weight of alloxan. The diabetic state will be assessed by measuring the non-fasting plasma glucose concentration 72hrs after alloxan treatment. The rats with a plasma glucose level above 180mg/dl will be selected for the experiment and considered as diabetics. Mice will be divided into 5 groups having 5 in each as: No rmal Control (group 1), Diabetic control (group 2), Diabetic+ garlic (30g/100g diet group 3), Diabetic + ginger (30mg/kg diet group 4) and Diabetic + ginger and garlic (30g/ 100g group 5). In the end of trial the blood sugar and lipid parameters will be checked and compared. INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus and its allied discrepancies is one of the prominent menaces of developing economics. Pakistan is at 6th position however, at the end of the year 2030; approximately 376 million people will be suffered (Wild et al., 2004). Diabetes is a metabolic syndrome that steadily affects different physiological systems of the human body. It is one of the leading causes of mortality in worldwide and, if uncontrolled, can threat multi-organs system (Zakir et al., 2008). Uncontrolled blood glucose is believed to be the cardinal feature in the onset of diabetic difficulties of both type 1 and type 2 (American Association of Diabetic Educators, 2002). Most common type is Type 2 category, while Type 1 diabetes develops in early childhood. Main reasons include sedentary lifestyles, energy rich diet, lack of physical exercise and obesity (Yajnik, 2001). Diabetes is mainly characterized by relative deficiency in insulin secretion or insulin action associated with hyperglycemia and malfunctioning in the metabolism of carbohydrate, lipid and protein. It may also leads to various other complications like cardiovascular disorders, oxidative stress and immune dysfunction may develop (Nogichi, 2007; Rana et al., 2007).Cardiovascular complications are the major cause of morbidity and mortality all across the globe. Increased cholesterol level and LDL oxidation trigger events that initiate atherosclerosis (Matsuura et al., 2008; Andican et al., 2008; Whale and Heys, 2008). To cope with this situation a number of herbal medicines for diabetes mellitus and its allied diseases have been emerged (Alarcon-Aguilara et al., 1998; Marles and Farnsworth, 1995). Drug treatment is obligatory nevertheless, accompanied by various side effects and their effectiveness decreases with the passage of time (Zakir et al., 2008; Lapshina et al., 2006). Physical exercise and diet selection is one of the significant strategies to manage diabetes and its allied complications including immune dysfunction, degenerative and cardiovascular disorder. Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale and their bioactive constituents hold insulinotropic properties playing significant role in maintaining ÃŽÂ ² cells helpful to address the menace. Garlic (Allium sativum) is an essential vegetable that has been widely utilized as seasoning, flavoring, culinary and in herbal remedies (Rivlin, 2001). Garlic has been shown to have diverse biological activities including antidiabetic, antithrombotic, anticarcinogenic, antiatherosclerotic, antitumorigenetic and various other biological actions (Augusti, 1996).Scientific investigations have depicted that it contains 65% water, 30% carbohydrates along with 5 % of other bioactive components mainly sulfur containing compounds (Milner, 2001). Its important constituents are classified as; sulfur containing compounds and non sulfur containing compounds. Among these organosulphur compounds particularly cysteine sulfoxides and thiosulfinates have greater importance (Tapiero et al., 2004). Allicin (diallylthiosulfinate) and S-allay cysteine are the main thiosulfinates out of which 60-80% is allicin (Lawson et al., 2001).Garlic and its various preparations have potential to lower total plasma cholesterol, reduction in blood pressure and alleviation of blood glucose level (Sterling and Eagling, 2001). Some studies confirmed anti hyperglycemic effects of garlic (Eidi et al., 2006). Garlic may act on blood glucose through various mechanisms and therefore directly lowers blood glucose level by exciting glycogenisis and preventing glycogenolysis and gluconeogenisis in muscles and hepatic (Ebomoyi et al., 2010). The fiber of garlic may also hamper carbohydrate absorption; thereby affecting blood glucose (Gholamali A Jelodar, 2005). Antioxidant property of garlic is another possible mechanism that makes it a contender as antidiabetic agent (Queiroz et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2009). Antioxidant effect of S-allyl cysteine sulfoxide, isolated product from garlic is considered to have antiglycation properties. Different supplementations of garlic hold remarkable effect on cholesterol level, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. Consumption of garlic and garlic preparations are very useful in regulating plasma lipid levels (Lau, 2006), plasma anticoagulant activity (Pierre et al., 2005; Lawson et al., 1992) and also contributed toward the prevention of atherosclerosis process (Rehman and Lowe, 2006).Ginger is also very effective for lowering blood sugar, cholesterol and triglyceride levels (Bhandari et al., 1998). Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) commonly called Adrak belongs to family Zingiberaceae (Joshi, 2000). It is used in both ways as food additives (Flavor) or as a medicine and it is useful in preventing or treating a variety of human ailments including migraine headache, elevated cholesterol level, hepatotoxicity, burns, peptic ulcers, nausea, vomiting and motion sickness (Robbers and Tyler, 2002).Chemical constituents of ginger are camphene, cineol, zingiberine, gingerol and ÃŽÂ ²-ph ellandrene (Shinwari et al., 2006). Ethyl acetate extract of ginger produces significant reduction in glucose concentration and also decreases lipid level (Goyal and Kadnur, 2006). Acute dose of aqueous extracts of Z. Officinale rhizome shows hypoglycaemic activity (Kalejaiye et al., 2002). Ginger promotes glucose clearances in insulin responsive peripheral tissues, which is vital in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis (Li et al., 2012). Ginger treatment considerably reduces the both serum cholesterol and triglycerides (Akhani et al., 2004). The ethanolic extract of ginger also appreciably reduces serum total cholesterol and triglycerides and elevates the HDL-cholesterol levels; also, the extract can protects tissues from lipid peroxidation and shows a significant lipid lowering activity in diabetic rats. Objective: The present study is designed to investigate and explore the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic perspectives of raw garlic and ginger using alloxan induced biabetic mice modeling. Review of Literature: Ahmed and Sharma, (1997) studied on adult Wister rats were fed diet containing 0.5% ginger (group 3) and combination of ginger and garlic (group 4).Their results showed that the combination of garlic and ginger was much more effective in reducing blood serum cholesterol and blood glucose and in increasing HDL cholesterol. Hence a combination of garlic and ginger is much more effective in reducing blood glucose and serum lipids. Bhandari et al. (1998) studied the effect of ginger on cholesterol fed rabbits, after ten weeks, cholesterol fed rabbits had increased cholesterol, serum triglycerides, serum lipoproteins and phospholipids. When extract of ginger was given the remarkably reduction in the cholesterol, serum triglyceride and serum lipid proteins and phospholipids was observed. Ahmed et al. (2000) examined the dietary effect of ginger on antioxidant dependent system in rats, and his results showed that ginger (Zingiber Officinale; 1% w/w) significantly lowered lipid peroxidation by maintaining the activities of the antioxidant enzymes-superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in rats. Ackermann et al. (2001) conducted a study to see the effect of garlic on lipid profile and results indicated that garlic preparations had comparatively lower declines (1.2-17.3 mg/dl and 12.4-25.4 mg/dl) in total cholesterol level as compared to whole garlic after 1 and 3 month correspondingly. Bhandari et al. (2005) discovered that ethanolic extract of ginger significantly reduced serum total cholesterol and triglycerides levels and increased HDL-cholesterol level as compared to diabetic rats, and the extract showed a significant lipid lowering activity and protect the tissues from lipid peroxidation. Goyal and Kadnur, (2006) reported that goldthioglucose cause a significant increase in body weight, glucose insulin level and lipid level in mice and when methanol and ethyl acetate extract of ginger were given to mice for eight weeks that produced significant reduction in glucose concentration and lipid level. Amin et al. (2006) studied the hypoglycemic potential of ginger.The aqueous extract ofraw ginger (500mg/kg) was given to the streptozitocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats for seven weeks. Fasting blood serum was examined and results indicated that the raw ginger was very effective in lowering the serum glucose. Afshari et al. (2007) estimated the effect of ginger powder on nephropathy induced by diabetes, and measured the changes in plasma lipid peroxidation, Wistar rats were treated after the grouping of 3 rats in each. Blood sample was collected from the heart of each rat. The results showed that ginger powder caused decrease in lipid peroxidation. Al-Qattan et al. (2008) reported that in STZ-induced diabetic rats which were injected intraperitoneally with ginger extract for seven weeks, the serum glucose was significantly lowered, and the urine protein reduced to the same level as the normal group. Histological examination clearly depicted that ginger effectively reduced the progression of structural nephropathy in diabetic rats. Islam and Choi, (2008) compared the anti-diabetic effects of dietary ginger and garlic in STZ induced Diabetic rats. In this trial 5-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat (HF) diet (22% fat) for 2 weeks and then randomly divided into six groups of eight animals: Normal Control (NC), Diabetic Control (DBC), Ginger Low (GNL), Ginger High (GNH), Garlic Low (GRL), and Garlic High (GRH) groups. Low and High indicate addition of 0.5% and 2.0% freeze-dried ginger or garlic powder in their respective diets.After 4 weeks data of this study suggested that ginger and garlic are insulinotropic rather than hypoglycemic while overall anti-diabetic effects of ginger are better than those of garlic. Shariatzadeh et al. (2008) exhibited the effect of garlic on lowering blood sugar and preventing and curing nephropathy in STZ induced diabetic rats. 32 male Wister rats were randomly divided into control, control+extract, diabetic and diabetic+extract groups (n=8).Treatment with aqueous-ethanolic extract of garlic (50mg/ kg/day) was followed for 4 weeks. The results revealed that there was significant decrease in blood sugar and increase in weight of kidney and volume of cortex,medulla and kidney. Abd-Elraheem et al. (2009) depicted the effect of ginger extract consumption on levels of blood glucose, lipid profile and kidney functions in alloxan induced-diabetic rats. In this study rats (130-150gm) were divided into 4 groups; normal control rats, diabetic control rats, diabetic rats post-treated with ginger and diabetic rats pretreated with ginger. Ginger extract was administered orally for 6 weeks to post-treated and pre-treated rats, and they were compared with the normal and diabetic groups, respectively. Plasma glucose, plasma lipid,plasma creatinine, urea and uric acid levels were reduced significantly in both post-treated and pretreated groups. Bing et al. (2011) conducted a study to evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of enteric-coated ginger and garlic essence tablet on lipid profile of rats fed high-fat diet and hyperlipidemic subjects. One experimental group having hyperlipidemic rats was assigned to orally expose to three different doses of essence tablet for 30 consecutive days. In addition other experimental group of hyperlipidemic subjects received one piece of ginger and garlic essence tablet twice daily. After 30 days the data of serum lipid profile of both group was obtained which depicted that enteric-coated ginger and garlic tablet remarkably improved blood lipid profile in rats fed high-fat diet and hyperlipidemic subjects. Eyo et al. (2011) revealed the comparative hypoglycemic effect of the hypoglycemic increasing dosages of A. cepa, A. sativum and Z. officinale aqueous extract on alloxan -induced diabetic rats. Increasing dosages (200, 250 and 300mg/kg bw ip) of A. cepa, A. sativum and Z. officinale aqueous extracts were given to the diabetic rats for six weeks and after six weeks blood glucose levels were determined and concluded that A. sativum, A. cepa and Z. officinale significantly decreased blood glucose as 79.7%, 75.4% and 56.7% respectively. Ashour et al. (2011) conducted a study was to investigate the short term effect of garlic oil on the antioxidant status as well as insulin level in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. In diabetic rats (two groups), one treated by garlic oil (200 mg/kg b.wt) and the other group treated by vehicle (corn oil; 2 ml / kg b. wt,) for 8 weeks. Results showed the significant increase in levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, GPx, C-peptide and insulin on oral administrations of the garlic oil in the diabetic rats. Prasad et al. (2012) investigated hypolipidimic effects of ginger-juice in rat. Albino rats (n=6-12) were administered G.J at single dose (4ml/rat, p.o) as a chronic treatment over period of 21 days. After the 21 days the lipid profile parameters were checked and which indicated that treatment with ginger-juice in rats significantly reduced the total serum cholesterol level and significantly increased the serum HDL-cholesterol. So it was concluded that ginger juice has hypolipidemic effect. Sanghal et al. (2012) conducted a trial to check the comparative efficacy of ginger and garlic on hypertension and hyperlipidemia in rats. In this study total 18 rats were taken and equally divided into three (control, ginger and garlic) groups by random selection. Ginger and garlic (500 mg/kg orally) were given to two separate groups of rats fed on high fat diet for a period of 7 weeks. Blood pressure and lipid profile were measured on day 0 and after 7 weeks. Comparative results depicted that ginger has better although not significant preventive effect on systolic blood pressure and garlic has better preventive effect on lipid levels. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This experiment will be conducted to investigate the comparative effect of garlic and ginger on blood sugar level and lipid profile of alloxan induced diabetic mice. Plant Material: The A. sativum and Z. officinale used for the experiment will be purchased from the Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad. Animal Model: 25 mice weighing 30-35g will be purchased from National Institute of Health, Islamabad and kept in the animal house of the National Institute of Food Science and Technology (NIFSAT), University of Agriculture Faisalabad. They will be maintained at a temperature of 25  ± 1 °C and relative humidity of 45 to 55% under 12-h light: 12-h dark cycle. They will be fed with normal diet and water ad libitum. Induction of Diabetes Mellitus: Diabetes will be induced in mice by a single intraperitoneal injection of aqueous alloxan monohydrate (40 mg/kg, i.v.) solution. After 72 hrs animals showing serum glucose level above 180 mg/dl (diabetic) will be chosen for the study. Experimental Protocol: The experimental animals will be divided into 5 groups; each group will contain 5 animals: Control group G1 (normal without treatment), diabetic control group G2 (injected with 40mg/kg b.w. of alloxan), diabetic mice treated with 30g/100g diet of garlic for 4 weeks G3, diabetic mice treated with 30g/100g diet of ginger for 4 weeks G4 and diabetic mice treated with 30g/100g diet containing mixture of garlic and ginger G5. Data Collection: Data will be collected for different parameters for body weight, feed and water intake. Collection of Blood Samples: At the end of 4 weeks blood samples will be collected by sacrificing the animals for determination of blood glucose and lipid profile. Proximate Analysis: The proximate analysis of garlic and ginger for moisture, total ash content, crude protein, fat, crude fiber and nitrogen free extract will be done by using the method given by AOAC (1990). Statistical Analysis: The resulting data will be subjected to some appropriate statistical techniques. Reflection | Physiotherapy Placement Reflection | Physiotherapy Placement The Department of Health (DoH) (2003) highlighted the importance for all professions currently regulated by the Health Professions Council to demonstrate competence through continuing professional development (CPD). CPD is a systematic, ongoing, structured process that encourages the development and maintenance of knowledge, skills and competency that assists us in becoming better practitioners (Chartered Society of Physiotherapy (CSP), 2003). As a result of the Health Act (1999) and for registration with the Health Professions Council (HPC), CPD is a legal requirement (HPC Standards of Proficiency, 2007) that must be completed in accordance with the (HPC) Standards of Continuing Professional Development (HPC, 2006). This essay allows for demonstration of life-long learning using evidence from clinical practice and critical evaluation to contribute to my CPD. Learning outcome 5 will be demonstrated throughout this essay. Throughout this essay the reader is directed to the appendices to support theory with evidence of practice. I considered my motivations for undertaking CPD before writing this essay and reflected upon them again on completion (Appendix 1). Demonstrate professional behaviour with an understanding of the fundamental, legal and ethical boundaries of professional practice Beauchamp and Childress (2001) identify four ethical principles; Autonomy, Beneficence, Non-maleficence and Justice. These ethical principles can be used to morally reason whether an action or decision is right or wrong when used in conjunction with a set of guidelines (Kohlberg et al, 1983). Professional codes of conduct are developed within moral, ethical and legal frameworks to help guide and regulate practice (Hope et al, 2008). Every practitioner has clinical autonomy, therefore they are professionally and legally accountable for their actions. The following will discuss the importance of consent and duty of care for both legal and ethical reasons with regards to case 1 (Appendix 2), encounterd on practice placement 6 (PP6). Rule 9 of the HPC standards of conduct, performance and ethics (2008) states you must gain valid consent from a patient for any treatment you may perform or else you could face trial for assault, battery or negligence under civil or criminal law (Hendrick, 2002). It is a fundamental ethical priniciple that every person has a right to exercise autonomy (Article 9; Human Rights Act, 1998) and is reflected in the Core Standards of Physiotherapy Practice (CSP, 2005). Performing a procedure without gaining consent, undermines the moral priniciple of respect for patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s autonomy and human dignity (Sim, 1986). However, inability for Patient X to conform to the Mental Capacity Act (2005) meant he was treated in his best intrest in adherance to section 1.5 of this act and Rule 1 of the HPC (2008) standards of conduct, performance and ethics. Assuming the medical management of Patient X, a legal and professional duty of care was established (Rule 6; HPC, 2008). As part of this duty and in accordance with standard 2 of the CSP Core Standards of Physiotherapy, all interventions were explained to patient X despite his inability to consent. Had I not treated Patient X on the basis he had swine flu, this would have been failing to do justice to him, acting outside of the Disability Discrimination Act (2005) which states everyone should have equitable access to and utilisation of services regardless of disability and also Article 14 of the Human Rights Act (1998) in that no one should be discriminated against based on their health status. The Bolam Test (1957, cited in Dimond, 1999) states if duty of care to a client is breached and subsequent harm to the patient occurs, professional standards have not been kept and therefore negligence can be assumed. Although not legally binding, the CSP rules of professional conduct effectiv ely have the same status as law and failure to comply with them means they may not only be used in disciplinary hearings but also in legal proceeding as a civil case under the tort law of negligence (Dimond, 1999; Hendrick, 2002). In summary, a sound understanding of the legal implications surrounding consent and duty of care can help avoid unwanted litigation, however they should not undermine the ethical implications. Appendix 3 demonstrates how I have learnt from this experience. Assess the needs of a range of service users and, with reference to current professional knowledge and relevant research, apply, evaluate and modified physiotherapeutic intervention A service users is anyone who utilises or is affected by a registrants service (HPC, 2008). The complex needs of a service user encompass a range of issues including social, environmental, emotional and health related, the extent of which varies from person to person. For the purpose of this essay, the physiotherapeutic management of two patients treated whilst on PP6 with differing severities of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations (Appendix 4) will be discussed. The National Institue for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines (NICE, 2004) in conjuntion with the guidelines for physiotherapy in respiratory care (British Thoracic Society (BST), 2008) advocates the use of active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT) with expiratory vibrations on the chest wall for the treatment of COPD to help aid airway clearance. Inability for patient A to comply with ACBT indicated the use of manual hyperinflation (MHI) to passively inflate the lungs and aid mucocillary transport (Ntoumenopoulos, 2005). As identified by Finer et al (1979), atelectasis is a common problem observed in mechanically ventilated patients for which MHI has been found to be beneficial in reducing it in a well controlled clinical trial by Stiller et al (1996), scoring a PEDro rating of 6/10. Absence of a cough reflex in patient A, resulted in sputum retention and the increased risk of infection indicating the use of suctioning (Pryor and Prasad, 2002) by which, copious amounts of viscous secretions were cleared. Shorten et al (1991) supports the use of saline instilation to loosen secretions prior to suctioining however, conflicting arguments by Blackwood (1999) and Kinloch (1999) question its effectiveness. Patient Bà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s compliance with ACBT replaced the need for MHI and suctioning. Patient A developed bilateral shoulder subluxations due to his lengthy intubation for which subluxation cuffs were applied, as suggest by Zorowitz et al (1995) with positive effect. Despite this study being on stroke patients, the results can be generalised to other patient groups as proved. The importance of mobilising patients with regards to respiratory function is highlighted by Ciesla (1996), however mobilisation of critically ill patients is restricted as they are often non-ambulatory. A high quality, randomised control trial using fifty-six participants by Mackay et al (2005), identified mobilisation as superior to other respiratory techniques, therefore Patient B was encouraged to sit out and treated using a graduated walking program. In the case of Patient B, mobilisation constitutes any change in position therefore the use of postural drainage positions and positioning into the cardiac chair setting on the bed were used (BTS, 2008). The range of problems service users present with means practitioners need to be adaptable, drawing on current evidence, professional knowledge from different fields of physiotherpy practice and experiences through CPD to deliever indiviualised patient-centred care. Appraise self management of a caseload and modify practice accordingly, demonstarating effective teamwork and communication skills Caseload management typically refers to the number of cases handled in a certain timeframe by an individual for which they have a duty of care towards (Scottish Executive, 2006). It is the management of time effectively through appropriate priority-setting, delegation, and allocation of resources to meet the service demand of its users (Curtis, 2002). Self-management of a caseload and adaptability to changing circumstances is expected of a registrant (HPC, 2008). Well developed time management skills can make a workload more manageable and improve the effectiveness of treatments and quality of time with patients. Prioritising patients to the order in which they will be seen based on their needs is encouraged by SARRAH (2010), however Nord (2002) argues whether it can be justified to prioritise those in most need if their potential benefit may not be as great as those in less need. In my experience prioritisation is dependant on a variety of factors for example, the trust where PP6 was completed, enforced protected meal times which did not run alongside staff meal times. Therefore, to prevent there being a void in the day, patients were still prioritised according to need but considertation had to be given to see patients that would be eating first and treat those that would not be during protected meal times. It is essential to consider that a therapists workload includes not only patient care, but also admistrative and research tasks in which delegation to others can be a valuable stratergy to assist with workload mangement. Curtis, (1999), identifies the need for practioners to show greater awareness of other disciplines competancies so delegation can be more effective. Feedback systems should be enforced to ensure task completion and objectives are being met (Curtis, 2002). Inter-professional collaboration refers to the process by which different disciplines work together to improve healthcare (Zwarenstein et al, 2009). Poor collaboration amongst healthcare professionals contributes to problems in quality of patient care and consequently poorer outcomes (Zwarenstein and Byrant, 1997). Liaison with members of the multi-disciplinary team (MDT) is encouraged by Shortell and Singer (2008) as practitioners are less likely to work off their own autonomy, ensuring patient safety, as demonstrated during handover in (Appendix 5). The learning objectives on PP6 to develop MDT collaboration and caseload management have been achieved as demonstrated in the feedback from my educator (Appendix 6) which identifies that improvement in self confidence will allow further development of the skills discussed. Demonstrate partnership with more junior students and/or appropriate others through the development of mentoring skills Mentoring is a process aimed at transfering knowledge, skills and psycological support from a more experienced person to a less experienced person, where the desired outcome is for both persons to achieve personal and professional growth (Anderson, 1987). An effective mentor facilitates, guides and empowers the mentee in becoming an independent learner (Coles, 1996) in which the relationships developed are based upon mutal respect, trust, confidentiality and shared beliefs and values (Lyons et al, 1990). The CSP (2005) acknowledges the importance of intergrating mentorship into CPD, in which the mentor develops a range of skills transferable to other CPD activities. This section focuses on peer mentoring as a concept, its practice and clinical application on an informal basis. Having identified the characteristics of a mentor (CSP, 2005), a SWOT analysis (Appendix 7) was completed to assist recognition of my personal learning needs. There are four stages to the mentoring life cycle (Appendix 8), in which the mentor needs to adopt and develop new skills to accommodate the mentee and guide them through the process. A qualitative study using a moderate sample size by Chan and Wai-Tong (2000) encourages the use of learning contracts (Appendix 9) to help establish rapports and facilitate autonomous learning which aids progression to stage two of the cycle. This is further supported in a recent review of the literature by Sambunjak et al (2009). Gopee (2008) recognises the importance of analysing the menteeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s needs. Foster-Turner (2006) states that different people approach the learning process in different ways therefore, matching the learning styles of the mentor and mentee will produce a more productive and successful relationship (Mumford, 1995; Hale, 2000). Honey and Mumford (1992) suggested people tend to have a predominant learning style and can be classified as activists, reflectors, theorists or pragmatists (Appendix 10). Boud (1999) identifies raising self-awareness as an essential tool used in lifelong leaning and through analysis of learning styles using Honey and Mumfordà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (1992) questionnaire, this allowed for reflection on the style of learning that would best suit the mentee to help meet their learning needs (Foster-Turner, 2006) (Appendix 11). As identified by the learning style inventory, the mentee and myself were both reflective learners, therefore we arranged sessions where we could dreflect on a clinical experience and discuss how new learning could be applied to future events. A feedback form from the mentee (Appendix 12) an a SWOT analysis (Appendix 13) demonstrates how through increased self-awareness and review of the literature, I have developed a better understanding of the mentoring process, the skills required and its application in into clinical practice. Developing others is central to current and desired practice (DoH, 2000a, 2000b, 2001, 2002) in which mentorship offers all the key attributes to the process. Preparation of an individual for this role, through self assessment, is central to its success, in which the skills developed are lifelong and can enable development into management and leadership roles later on in life. Demonstrate skills of career-long learning Lifelong learning is used synonymously with CPD and is concerned with practitioners critically reviewing their skills and knowledgebase with the ultimate goal of providing a better standard of care to all service users (French and Dowds, 2008). A recent inquest into a practitioner who did not maintain his competencies, demonstrates the possible consequences of poor CPD (Appendix 14). Appendix 15 details a range of formal and informal activities that can be undertaken to contribute towards CPD, evidence of which can be documented in a portfolio. The importance of staff development is recognised by the DoH documents (2000a, 2000b, 2001, 2002) which sets out the Governments vision of an NHS that prepares allied health professionals with the skills to take advantage of wider career opportunities and realise their potential. By using the competency based framework; The NHS Knowledge and Skills Framework (2004), physiotherapists can participate in development reviews which identify development opportunities and contribute to the fulfilment of personal development plans.

Misconceive?o By John Leo :: essays research papers fc

Misconceive’o by John Leo John Leo is a columnist and contributing editor that has been writing for U.S. News & World Report since 1988. Prior to that he worked for Time magazine and The New York Times covering topics such as social sciences and popular culture. The thesis of John Leo’s latest U.S. News & World Report article, â€Å"Fu Manchu on Naboo,† does not leave the reader any room to guess what his discussion is going to be about. He drives the point home from the beginning of the article. The central idea is very direct and easy to locate. It appears at the end of the first paragraph and simply states â€Å"Episode I: The Phantom Menace is packed with awful stereotypes.† Mr. Leo wrote this piece not only for informative purposes, but also to convince a particular audience that, whether intentional or not, characters have taken on harmful images some may find offensive. He is not speaking only to his fairly educated, loyal readers, but also to those who may have taken part in producing the movie. Mr. Leo makes visible to his readers what he believes to be stereotypes in the film. People may not have noticed these before, so he makes clear definitions and comparisons. To the rest of the audience, those who had a hand in making the movie, he makes a plea not to redevelop these characters in future films. Mr. Leo uses several analogies and examples in his presentation, and they are all tied to his thesis. He points out some images that strikingly resemble stereotypes that are commonly found in society today. He uses movie characters from Star Wars, such as Watto to support his claim. Mr. Leo finds that â€Å"Watto, the fat, greedy junk dealer with wings, is a conventional, crooked Middle Eastern merchant.† He goes on with other character references as evidence: Jar-Jar Binks as the inferior black, the Neimidians as sinister Asians. One of the problems with this argument is that not everyone in society identifies with these stereotypes. If the audience does not find the characteristics to be true they could shut off thought, thereby defeating his purpose for writing the article. There are no statistics presented in this article. The lack of statistics or other evidence, such as results of surveys, could lead Mr. Leo’s audience to believe that these are his own perceptions. In the seventh paragraph, Leo makes references to Catholics, Asians, Republicans, and Africans.